Global warming effects Essay

northern compact disk connection began in 1969, as penniless mike Kittredge, age 16, melted crayons to form a see as a Christmas present for his Mom. A neighbor, mesmerized by his fabulous creation, expressed her pr propagatesity to purchase wholeness of his cadmiums thus northern standard candle confederacy was born. mike used his p bents basement, kitchen, and garage to produce his scented compact discs. pentad years later, in 1974, Mike moved growthion into an old constitution mill located in Holyoke, Massachusetts. In 1998 Forstmann Little & Comp each go againstnered with northern wax light corporation and began to publicly mess on the NYSE in 1999.Mike Kittredge sold his first candle to a neighbor for $1.36, in 1969 and in 2005 Yankee Candle Companys total gross sales were $601,180,000. Mikes humble beginning in the family home has vainglorious into a wholesale customer vane of 16,400 store locations, a ripening base of Company knowledgeed and operated retail stores (390 located in 42 states), deal mail catalogs, its networksite, international distri stillors, and to a European wholesale ne dickensrk of approximately 2,200 store locations (2006) Yankees impatience for odour has contract a profitable entity with visions of continued global expansion.Yankee Candle Company has branded their product as long-lasting and absolute in fragrance. Yankee has developed over 150 fragrances for their unhomogeneous candle products. Their product profligate includes jars, votive, tarts, wax potpourri, pillars, tapers, and tea lights candles. Yankees design is in advance(p) and their scents ar pleasant, relaxing, and rejuvenating. Yankee Candle Companys design department is Laputan in developing candles to accent dashrn dcor and fragrances that conjure to its customers. Yankee volition explore and introduce aromas that ar common to the classical e elbow greaseation as they expand into this novel foodstuff surface. Yankee Candl e get out copy their passion for fragrance and supply a wide intermixture of choices for its untested customers in Greece.The Yankee Candle Company continues to build on the passion and creativity of Mike Kittredge dictated by a mission to fast hearth and home with the fragrances of life through rightness, innovation, and passion. Yankee has been dedicated to excellence throughout their 37 year history. A gild spokesperson attributes their mastery to, our vertically interconnected business governing body model, which enables us to control nigh all(prenominal) aspect of our business, from product development to manufacturing to dispersal to marketing and sales. This structure allows us to consistently provide high type and innovative products (2006) Yankees innovation is evident in their candles and accessory designs, which acclimate too various dcor preferences and the expanding variety of fragrances, which appeal to its customers. Yankee Candle Company is driven b y an intense passion to spread the fragrances of life about the realness for all to enjoy.The product expansion into the Greek marketplace is an separate feel towards reaching their objectives. Yankee Candle Company ordain expand its fragrances to live in with the cultures of new markets. Yankee leave continue to develop partner enters with ingrainedized Company owned retail stores as venues for their products to be sold. The candle company has already free-baseed Yankee Candle Europe with a 30,000 upstanding tush diffusion center in Bristol, England that provides Yankee products for approximately 2,200 stores. This distribution center will be used to export Yankee products to be sold by retail stores in Greece.The Yankee Company has contumacious to expand their markets and head out to the Country of Greece. We will be exportation our candle line product from the unify States to Greece. The product expansion into the Greek marketplace is another step towards reaching their objectives. Yankee Candle Company will expand its fragrances to blend in with the cultures of new markets. Yankee will continue to develop partnerships with established Company owned retail stores as venues for their products to be sold. As Yankee Candle expands into new neighbourhoods of the world, distribution centers will be built to service their wholesale store network. Where trade barriers, economical and political policies will allow. When expanding into new countries, Yankee Candle will establish an online shop website to market and sell their products.Since 1994, the United States is part of the NAFTA organization amidst three countries. The North American Free portion out Agreement, k forthwithn normally as NAFTA, is a free trade agreement among Canada, the United States, and Mexico. NAFTAwent into core on January 1, 1994. NAFTA is also used to refer to the tripartite employment bloc of North American countries. www.wikipedia.org.Since the inception of the Eu rpeon Union in 1957 six countries were a part of this union. Nineteen further states agree joined in and creasted a boffo union. Greece joined the EU January, 1981.The qualify and repatriation of funds risks the Euros permute rate against the dollar, remains unstable. The low interest rates, increase competition in the banking industry, and continued growth in commercial bank lending to deck out bad debt and strong growth in consumer borrowing. Economic growth is promise to slow in 2006 and 2007. The consumer cost inflation slowed dramatically in Greece originally its entry into pre-economic and monetary union (EMU) in January 2001 and was cooperateed by other brief measures.The economy of the United States is stable do up of natural resource, persistence and manufacturing, and investments. The United States has the largest and one of the most technologically advanced national economies in the world, with a GDP of 13.049 trillion dollars. www.wikipedia.org. Consumers and producers go for some decision-making that form the economy, but the government also has a powerful role on the do of the economy.The economy of Greece is growing fast after the implementation of stabilization policies in recent years. Greece remains a net importer of industrial and capital goods, foodstuffs, and petroleum. leash exports argon manufactured goods, food and beverages, petroleum products, cement, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. www.wikipedia.org. Greece is global leader in shipping, which is the transportation of goods and cargo by land, air, or sea.Types of currency used through out the world vary from country to country and or by region. The Unites States of America official currency is the dollar, symbol USD also known to be abbreviated by $. The US currency was adopted in 1785 by the United States Congress. The United States dollar is also known as a world currency in 1985 $ three hundred billetion dollars were in circulation,with two thirds being out side of the untied States. Each year the get of U.S dollars is being circulated around the world continues to increase. In comparison to the Untied States of America, Greece uses the euro as denomination of currency type, symbol . Greece is part of the European Union also knows as the EU. What I found most interesting is the European monetary Union has ceded control of monetary policy to the European Central Bank. Versus the Untied States taking control over their own currency.The European Union has a large economy, probably slightly larger than that of the United States of America with a 2005 GDP of 12,865,602 million vs. 11,734,300 million (USD figures) (using nominal US Dollar GDP) concord to the International Monetary Fund. www.wikipedia.org.Greeces relations with other countries in the region get under ones skin been steadily improving. Greece is working with washout to resolve their disagreements, mainly with adhesion to Cyprus. Failure to resolve the division of the island of Cyprus may increase tensions between Greece and Turkey as the latter finds its bid to join the European Union partly dependent on success, but tensions rise sharply with Turkey over the issue of Cyprus. Greece is also assisting and improving relations with the economic development of the Balkans.The Balkans is now viewed by Greece as a greater threat to security than Turkey. in any case, renew instability in the Balkans leads to unrest in Greece and trade disruption. Political depravation is cyphered higher in Greece than many other European Union countries. Politicians argon dependent on media with strong ties to business interests. There is a politicized, anti-globalization environmental movement in Greece which is increasingly complicated in its use of the courts and the European Union to block large projects.United States culture is very divers(prenominal) but collect to the level of the American culture there are many integrated but exclusive subculture at bottom the U.S . The subcultures unalikeiated by status, ethnic background, residence, religion or other factors that functionally combine the sort out and act jointly on each subculture member. The ethnic groups are White, Black, Asian, Amerindian, Alaska autochthonous, native Hawaiian, and other peace-lovingislander. The various religion are Protestant, Roman, Catholic, Mormon, Jewish, Muslim, Baptist, and others. Lastly, the speechs are English, Spanish, Indo-European, Asian, Pacific island and others. Let us not forget that the government type is constitution-based federal body politic but strong democratic tradition. As a result, the subcultures mother their own joint set of customs, attitudes, and values.Greece is a diverse culture incomplete by its place at the crossroads between the East and the westward and by the various occupations endured by the Greek people throughout history. The Greeks are proud of their culture which is the definition of their national and ethnic belongi ng. The Greeks culture is made of their traditions, religion, music, quarrel, food and wines. Some of the traditions and superstitions vary from one island to another.Many countries differ within a range of dimensions including social structure, language, religion, and traditions to name a few. The difference has of import implications on marketing strategy of the product. The most cultural difference that has an daze would be traditions. Candle scent preference may differ from one country to another. The company may encounter resistance to some of its different scents or wax.The organization must careful research Greece cultural norms and taking into custody the difference between US and Greece. Cross-Cultural training (literacy) would be need to make sure the company advertising or marketing strategy does not offend anyone in the other country. The candles should be affordable due to the unemployment rate within Greece however the organization must make a profit consider the make up to export the candles within that country.Yankee Candle is aware of the culture difference between the US and Greece, therefore staffing would be primal to the organization. The organization would provide their US employees with language and cultural training. Yankee understands that one of their vendors Berlitz has experience and knowledge in cross cultural and language training that would help assist the expatriates. Berlitz offers a variety of programs and has been in thebusiness for 128 years, more than 450 centers in over 60 countries. Berlitz offers online, adult, children and teen programs for cultural and language training including one-on-one sessions. The cultural and language training would be for the family as well. The cultural training would be for two sidereal days and 100 hours for language training, however if more hours are needed for language the company would honor this price. The employees that are going on the international assignment would spend a penny other benefits including when they are expatriating back into the US. However, the expatriates will receive just a day of cultural training and language will not be necessary.The US dollar is not equal to the same amount in most other countries. Hence, the company would pay an conferitional allowance to cover the difference. The cost of living may be higher in the other countries, as a result a housing allowance is provided to the employee. The company does consider the cost living in the US and then compare that cost to living in Greece. The education in Greece is not the same for US citizens. As a result, to the language barrier and cultural it may be very difficult for the employees children to attend the local enlighten in the host country for that reason private schools or boarding school may be required. Consequently the company is aware of this and therefore would provide tuition allowance.Due to the cultural and language difference there are going to be diversity issues, so human resource has provided an open door policy. The open door policy would allow employees to express him or she concerns and human resource will try to provide a rootage to the problem, if possible.Supply set up management is an important role for the success of Yankee Candle Company to sell scented candles in Greece. Supply chain is most effective for optimal resource use, minimum total cost, and maximal value to the customer. Decisions with in supply chain are to buy your product or make your own. Yankee Candle Company already produces its own scented candles and will be the same for candles being shipped overseas. The production will be manufactured in the Companys 294,000 square foot facility in Whately, Massachusetts. As a manufacturer, the Company is able to near monitor product quality and control production costs, which ensures high qualityproducts and saves affordable pricing.Information has been gathered from the Greece from the candle business industry. This data will assist in forecasting how much product is needed for a three months supply to meet the supply and demand in Greece. malarky beat for the initiation of Yankee Candle Company to enter the Greece market is 10 months. In turn this will give enough time to meet the three month stock supply. The information gathered from the Greece candle market will support the types of scented candles that will be produced to ship overseas. Lead time for the shipment to arrive at the distribution warehouse is three months the life span of a candle is three years.Placing our product will be near or around the largest cities and ports in Greece. The largest and most important city in Greece is Athens, the capital with people based in 1991 of 748,110. The largest port in Greece is Thessalonki, with a population of 377,951. Also another large port is located on the North part of the Peloponnesus, is a major seaport, with 155,180 inhabitants. Other sizable cities include Lrisa (113,426), I rklion (117,167), and Vlos (76,463). The ports and its population are important factors in knowing were to place the Yankee Candle Stores. These would be in areas in the region that have the most population and are easily accessible to Tourist from holiday boats that may doc on these ports.Promoting Yankee Candle Company in Greece would be similar as it is currently in the Untied States. done its retail stores the Yankee Candle company would open in Greece, direct mail catalogs. To include a large market Yankee candle will also promote is U.S product through television commercials newspapers, bill board singes through out the larger cities of Greece, and through its own web page http//www.yankeecandle.com/cgi-bin/ycbvp/retail.jsp. Promotion for this product will be introduced to all who necessitys to have special fragrances in their homes. Business will also be targeted to have fresh new fragrances for their offices. Candles are an excellent gift for all ages and for any special occasion.The middle class in Greece is the main target market Yankee Candle Company is promoting the scented U.S candle product. In 2005the labor force in Greece was at 4.72 million compared to unemployment rate of 10.8% figures from www.cia.gov. These figures give Yankee Candle Company the green light to proceed with international distribution into the Greece market. Pricing the candles will be 30% above the sale price of a U.S product. This will ensure the costs of having a U.S product of seas.Yankee Candles has successfully developed and market new products and take a crap enormous returns. We have success springs for the fact that it has a vertically integrated business model, with the in-house expertness required to design, develop, manufacture, distribute and sell our candle products. Our vertically integrated business model acts as a powerful syllabus to support our product innovation initiatives. This business model included strong research and development activities, an e xperienced employee team, and a basis skill in test marketing our products.We collected these resources to research consumer interests and home decor acquire trends, and then to create original candle designs, fragrances, accessories, gift sets, home fragrance merchandise, and personal care items that align with our findings. We then release this merchandise into our distribution channels in a way that permits us to seek and cart track consumer feedback. This process positions us to fine-tune our new products from performance, to packaging, to labeling, to pricing helping to increase the potential for each item we develop to have a successful launch and widespread acceptance. Together, these efforts helped to drive sales, attract new customers and extend the appeal of the Yankee Candle brand.Once exporting was chosen as the mode of entry, Yankee Candle secured assistance from a company called, Export Trade of America to learn about insurance, tariff, and tax laws involved in trad ing with Greece. Yankee Candle Company will face various licit challenges when exporting its candles into Greece, but the process will go much easier with the help of an export management company. Yankee will need to comply with employee laws and have knowledge about hiring, firing, and discipline regulations in Greece. They will need to be acquainted with their legal system and how those laws are enforced. Greece is a parliamentary republic with a president, who is heads the executive administration, a prime minister, who is head of thegovernment, and a 300 seat legislature. The judicial includes a Supreme Court, regional districts, and prefectures to decide well-behaved and criminal cases. There is a national police force as well as policing agencies from the European Union.As a member of the European Union, the EU laws supersede those of the individual member nations. Yankee Candle Company will need to be aware of the EU laws, enforcement, penalties, and necessary trade practic es. The European Union could cause legal complications as the union adds new members, arbitrates disagreements among its memberships, and as competition increases in the global marketplace.There has been a long relationship between Greece and the United States of America. The two countries have diplomatic, intelligence, and law enforcement ties. Greece and the United States, recently signed treaties covering extradition and mutual legal assistance, which further beef up this cooperation. (2006) Trade between these two nations should proceed with success barring increased terrorism, war, or a terrific natural disaster that impacts the global economy.It is important for any company to evaluate their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. As Yankee Candle employees examines their organization they listed the following as company strengths strong business model, long-lasting candles, well-branded product, variety of fragrances, adaptability of product to various cultures a nd dcor, strong financial backing, increasing profitability, expanding marketplace, high-octane manufacturing and distribution process, and an innovative product development. Yankee Candle Companys weaknesses include rising cost for manufacturing and distributions, technological skills, single manufacturing center, adapting products to various cultures and customs, and tangible shortages.There are several opportunities that must be pursued to maintain profitability increase presence in the global marketplace, expanded online shopping options, adapt fragrance choices to new markets, build foreign manufacturing and distribution center, and add accessories to their product line. There are many threats to the existence of Yankee Candle Companyincluding competitions pricing and product differentiation, terrorism, natural disasters, exchange rate, rising costs for manufacturing and distribution, and the products life-cycle.The external environment strengths include reduction in trade ba rriers, strong European Union, technological advancements, and utilization of websites. The external weaknesses are trade blocs, closed economic and political policies that prevent or border imports/exports, and the affects of terrorism. External opportunities include improving the economic levels of third world countries, utilizing the skills, resources, and expertise of various countries to lower costs and create an integrated economy, develop innovative products, and create a global network. Finally, the external threats include terrorism, political instability, natural disasters, increased global competition, trade blocs that become fortresses against those outside their union, countries imposing regulations against outsiders who want to merger or acquire other foreign companies, conflict among active trade bloc members, and inflation/deflation of the monitory systems.Reference(2006, 4,12). The Yankee Candle Company, Inc. 2006 First Quarter Earnings Webcast. commendd 4/23/06, from SBC Yahoo finance Web site http//biz,yahoo.com/bw/060412/20060412005002.html?.v=1www.wikipedia.org., retreived April 24, 2006.http//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gr.htmlEconRetrieved 5/13/06 from the World FactbookUnknown, Retrieve on April 23, 2006 fromhttp//www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/gr.htmlUnknown, Retrieve on April 23, 2006 fromhttp//www.greeka.com/greece-culture.htm

Incredible India Essay

Tourism is a major industry in India and the Ministry of Tourism launched a candidature to promote Incredible India as a tourist finishing in 2002. 2 The phrase Incredible India was adopted as a guide word by the ministry. Before 2002, the Indian government regularly formulated policies and ready pamphlets and brochures for the promotion of tourism, however, it did not support tourism in a concerted fashion. However, in 2002, the tourism ministry made a conscious effort to ingest in more professionalism in its attempts to promote tourism.It formulated an integrated communication strategy with the aim of promoting India as a destination of choice for the discerning motivityer. The tourism ministry in use(p) the services of advertising and marketing firm Ogilvy & Mather (India) (O&M) to effect a new campaign to increase tourist inflows into the country. 3 Travel industry analysts and tour operators were appreciative of the high standards of the Incredible India campaign. Th e promo campaign is making a powerful visual impact and creating a perception of India being a magical tail to visit, said Anne Morgaon Scully, President, McCabeBremer Travel, Virginia, USA.Average travelers too appeared to find the campaign interesting and informative, going by favourable comments on blogs on travel websites Although the Incredible India campaign was generally well received, industry observers differed in their opinions on the positioning of India in the campaign. G. S. Murari, Director, Fidelis Advertising and Marketing Pvt. Ltd. stated he was disquieting with the tagline Incredible India and was of the opinion that since India was not a uni-dimensional country like capital of Singapore or the Maldives, using a word like incredible to suck up India as a whole was not appropriate.In 2011, Arjun Sharma, Managing Director, Le handing over to India, stated that the campaign has lived its life and it had to be reinvented. 8 The Ministry of Tourism has again engaged Ogilvy & Mather for a period of three year, beginning 2012, to redefine the brand and supply a strategic vision for the campaign. From ancient times, India has been looked upon as a place full of Mystique. In olden days time travelers like Huen Tsang came a long way with a great difficulty just to hire felt of the place. But now in modern times, with supersonic jets, the valet de chambre has become a smaller and has been named as a global colonisation.With the destinations becoming so much closer the tourist are gushing(a) into India from all over the world leading to a fast ontogeny of tourism industry and yet it has not grown to its fullest potential. History has disordered count of hordes of humanity which have travelled and through this land of vibes and wisdom explorers, travelers, traders and invaders have been drawn to her shores. Fa Hien and Hieun Tsang came from China in search of Bhuddhas calm serenity from Alexander to Tamburlaine and Nadir Shah, Mahmud Ghaznavi, Muhammad Shah Ghauri to Babar, and Vasco-De-Gama to East India Company.All came here(predicate) to fill their coffers with the wealth of this land Jews, Parsees, Muhammedans, Christians, Arabs, Persians, Turks, Orientals and Europeanshave been all made welcome here. India has just about incredibly beautiful spiritual destinations located all over the country. From the imperial peaks of Himalayas to the ghats of holy Ganga to numerous other holy sites, one can go for an unforgettable spiritual journey through this majestic country.

Mark Bittman: Man v. Meat

As the spokesperson In the Ted Talk, coif Batman Whats haywire with what we take in, Blatant expresses his once about damaging ecological and health impacts of our current nutrient regimen. He describes our modern solid food as, overwhelmingly nerve centre-centered and pendant on fast food (TED). M consumes office staff In our society is massive, and intentional much about it is crucial. When Batman delivers the stinging condemnation of the way we eat direct, and many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) worldwide were listening. ringer Batmans argument, on how take as much centre of attention and chuck out food as we do is negatively affecting the health of our orbiter and ourselves, is accurate and probable, because of his extensive background in the food Industry and the binding evidence that ties his say altogether. What Is It about oppose Bellmans great background In the food Industry that makes his argument even more(prenominal) so probable? Well, throughout hi s c arer, he has won several awards from the James whiskers mental business firm and the International Association of Culinary Professionals for his report and his television series, Batman Takes on Americas Chefs. The Beard Awards are the highest honor for food and beverage professionals clearing In repayable north America. (lames Beard Foundation) Mark Batman was recognized, for being a culinary professional who had shown truth and achievement in his field. The CAP Cookbook Awards honor the authors, publishers, and other contributors bathroom the best of cookbooks published each year (CAP). ascribable to this acknowledgement, Blatant now holds a coveted mark of distinction (CAP).According to, the highly awarded journalist and author, Michael Pollen, Mark Batman is one of The Worlds 7 Most Powerful Bodies, an honor that Batman shared with firstly Lady Michelle Obama (EGG). In govern for Batman to get where he Is currently, he had to work hard and lobby for his position . In 201 2, he was the only regularly-appearing opinion scratch awl in a leading impudents root in the united States, writing rather much exclusively about food, for the most prime paper in the country and one of the most major papers in the world (ICE, 2012).Evidently, due to the outstanding highlights of Mark Batmans food career, he Is a credible source. 1 OF 7 it is now time to take a look at the research that completely ties the claims that he makes together. Other than in the Ted Talk, Mark Batman What is legal injury with what we eat, in an interview with the Institute of Culinary Education, the food columnist continually argues that alimentation content is a big fuss for the food system.Batman lams that, If we had stricter laws on the mete outment of animals, and better controls on the use of antibiotics in animals, better waste disposal systems, better environmental controls, it would make internality much more high-priced, and if we made meat much more expensive, th en sustainable meat and meat raised non-industrially would be more competitively priced (ICE, 2012). As a result, of higher meat prices, meat expending judge would decrease. By consuming belittled meat, the generation of the worlds greenhouse gases would also decrease, (Batman, 2008) because take meat is what is destroying our environment (PETA).Although PETA is a bias source, this statement can comfortably be proven as correct. Validated through research, what we eat contributes more greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO), methane, nitrous oxide, and the want to spew into the atmosphere than any transportation or industry (Filial, 2009). Many underestimate the importance of eating less meat, over half of the carbon footprint of the average American diet comes from animal products (Take Extinction off of Your Plate). While watching the Ted Talk, Mark Batman Whats wrong with what we eat, I was shocked how big of an impact eating eat has on the Earth and the people who inhabit i t.When Batman mentioned that meat was more of a link up than transportation, I started to think back to the time when many CEO-friendly people would motorcycle or walk places instead of spreading around car pollution. They, like my past self, had no idea that eating less meat does more than not driving a car. Mark Batmans claim within his refer is accurate, because of the various studies of the negative impacts of meat consumption on our environment. Logically, if eating meat affects something as big as the Earth, it would have a bigger military issue on our overall being as well.To back up Mark Batmans claim about how we should have better controls on the use of antibiotics in animals, science-writing intern Cassandra Brooks states that, the administration of antibiotics causes health problems, so much so that it can result in antibiotic-resistant bacteria that threaten the usefulness of medicines that treat people. That must be one of the key reasons why meat eaters take in more health problems. Harvard studies showed that daily meat eaters have approximately triple times the colon cancer fortune, compared to those who rarely eat meat. Eating meat encourages the growth of cancer, (ThePhysicians Committee) while plant-based diets promotes a healthy lifestyle that reduces such negative health impacts (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Diets that are rich in fiber, such as a Vegetarian diet, speeds the passage of food through the colon, effectively removing carcinogens, changing the type of bacteria that is present in the intestine, so that there is a reduced employment of carcinogenic secondary bile acids. Anti-cancer compounds. Those reasons explain why, vegetarians are at the last risk for cancer and have a significantly reduced risk compared to meat-eaters (The Physicians Committee).According to new research in Austrian vegetarians, Many people who go vegetarian do so because they are experiencing health problems (Messing, 2014). Eating meat as we do is killing us, and according to Dry. Frank Huh, co-author of a new Harvard study on the topic, what is new is the magnitude of risk associated with very check into red meat consumption. The magnitude for processed meat is even great than that. The Harvard study concluded that one serving of red meat a day increases the risk of early death by 13 percent. The very(prenominal) single daily serving of processed meat (like bacon or heated dog) increases that risk by 20 percent.And one serving means that little deck-of-cards sized lump that doesnt satisfy anyone over the age of 10. Huh acknowledged that its not really impress because red meat consumption has been linked to an transplant magnitude risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. What is surprising is the magnitude of risk associated with very moderate red meat consumption (Hoffman, 2014). There are both pros and cons when it comes to eating or not eating meat, but the cons of not eating meat are e asier to fix than the health related problems that come with eating meat.Eating less or no meat requires change, real change that involves having a clear understanding of meats critical role in our lives. Just clear-sighted how negative the impacts of eating meat are to the overall health of each person and the evidence that proves it, Mark Batmans claim stands true. Real change in the right direction something that Mark Batman predicts will eventually occur and he believes that his solution to tax Junk food will enable that. The money that comes from taxing Junk food, would be use to subsidize public health measures like making fruits and vegetables less expensive and more widely accessible.Batman compares this change in food to, great strides for minorities, the presidential term of Medicare, and tremendous strides for women. By regulating Cafes Concentrated Animal Feeding operations and taxing Junk, Batman presumes that change is going to happen, and assumes that we are Just to o impatient. He believes that the change that we want to see is not coming as quick as we would like it to, and the thing that we need to realize is that real change is a slow process (Ottawa). It took over 20 years, in order to revise nutrition labels.That revision had a dramatic effect on what people choose to eat and drink and what products sell in permeates (Museum mickle and Thompson). With this improvement, people felt less defeated, now that they had a clearer understanding of the labels and could specialise between items such as sugars, natural and added. We need to educate the unconnected by, discouraging the consumption of bad food and encouraging the consumption of well-grounded food (Batman, 2012). Previously, in front label and other food changes, consumers would Just eat items without knowing what they Just ate.Due to their lack of understanding and the companies lack of clarification, people would eat more than they needed, resulting in an unhealthy body weight. As someone who likes labels, peculiarly when I am trying to stick to a healthy diet. To in sensibleate the defeat, I would have to do the majority of my provision at lieu, homemade. Due to the validated knowledge that has been brought to my attention, I believe that Mark Batmans argument is solid. In Mark Batmans Ted Talk he helps the viewers understand the importance of home cooking and how straying away from it might seem easy, but not at all as healthy as actually knowing what they are eating.Batman states that, It is really important to be a home cook, and avers us that throughout history we have lost that concept. Between the years of 1950-2000, many were sucked into the idea of convenience and the quality of home cooked meals was down the tubes (Batman, 2012) Fewer meals consisted of home cooked breads, desserts and soups, because it all could be purchased at any store. In the ass, women began to enter the workforce, and due to a lack of time and patience, they brought h ome store bought meals for their families.Home cooking was in a bad state, due to the appealing contents in genial foods (Batman, 2007). In order for healthy home cooked meals to recycle back up the food chain, We need to start acting. We need to start eating and cooking with less meat. Instead of going for meat, go for healthier proteins, such as nuts. The time has come to stop raising them industrially and stop eating them thoughtlessly (Batman. 2007). We need to start considering the piece of ham on our breakfast plates, and where it came from before it lands on our grocery store shelves (Brooks).Knowing that eating meat is hazardous, makes me not grief my choice of becoming a vegetarian. This knowledge is not something that should be kept to myself. I feel safe, and feel as if it is my moral obligation to inform meat eaters of the deadly consequences that they redundantly face, like Mark Batman does. I would gladly suggest meat eaters, especially those who do it excessively and thoughtlessly, to watch the Ted Talk, Mark Batman Whats wrong with what we eat. His talk is based off of research that has been done by credible sources such as Batman himself, and I am in agreement with his valid claim.

Maxis Essay

presentmentMaxis Communications Berhad is a guide energetic ph angiotensin-converting enzyme service supplier in Malaysia. Maxis Communications Berhad was established in the early 1990s and commenced unsettled telecoms operation in August 1995. It was then listed chthonic the first get on in Kuala Lumpur Stock Ex commute (KLSE). At present Maxis Communication Berhad is the biggest telecommunication plyr in Malaysia. The community has total proofreaders at 13.95 million as of December 2010.Maxis Communications Berhad, through its subsidiary, Maxis Berhad, engages in the provision of rambling, wintry line, and world-wide telecommunications operate in Malaysia. It withal provides Inter unclutter and broadband services and radio receiver multimedia related services, as well as owns, maintains, builds, and operates radio facilities and associated switches. The company was founded in 1995 and is based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Maxis Communications Berhad is a subsidiary of Binariang GSM Sdn Bhd.It uses the telephone dialling affix identifier of 012, 017 and 0142. In 2002, Maxis purchased TimeCell, a rival mobile service provider, from Time dotcom Berhad. anterior to the purchase, Maxis offered phone phone numbers beginning with 012, and TimeCell 017. no, subscribers substructure choose betwixt the two. Maxis provide a variety of mobile communication harvest-feasts and services. They offer prepaid handle casts, monthly subscription plans, global roaming, MMS, WAP (oer both GSM and GPRS), Residential Fixed Line services, broadband Internet plans, and as of early 2005, 3G services to both prepaid and postpaid subscription customers. Maxis Broadband make consumer can enjoy internet access in outdoor or indoor. It can go online at speed over 15 times faster than traditional dial up and do more, much more over the internet.ProfileMaxis Berhad, with its consolidated subsidiaries (together, Maxis), is the leading mobile communications service prov ider in Malaysia.Maxis were granted licences to operate a nationwide GSM900 mobile network, a domestic fixed network and an planetary gateway in 1993. It commenced its mobile operations in August 1995 and launched its fixed line and international gateway operations in early 1996.Since its establishment, Maxis has been providing a full suite of services on multiple platforms to fulfil the telecommunications necessitate of individual consumers, SMEs and striking corporations in Malaysia.Maxis mobile service is offered on a postpaid basis under the Maxis brand and via a prepaid stage under the Hotlink brand. The use of these two distinct brands, underpinned by synergistic values, has enabled Maxis to set its prepaid transaction success amply succession maintaining growth in its postpaid segment.Maxis has also pioneered and led the Malaysian market in delivering innovative mobile fruits and services. It was the first to launch 3G services in Malaysia known as Maxis3G in Jul y 2005, and in September 2006, it became among the worlds first to use HSDPA, a high-speed upgrade of its 3G network, to provide wireless broadband services. It was the first manipulator to toy the BlackBerry and Apple iPhone smart phones to Malaysia. The company in April 2009 expose the first commercial NFC-powered service in Malaysia.Maxis provide enhanced post-paid packages to corporate and SME customers, based on its highly successful consumer post-paid plans. These plans ar custom-made to meet the needs of enterprises, especially improved communications deep down and beyond their compound. Maxis international gateway services include termination of work into Malaysia from international telecommunications companies, supporting Maxis own outbound international direct dial (IDD) traffic, collecting international transit traffic and bandwidth leasing services. Maxis presently maintain zygomorphousconnections with more than 95 carriers in 38 countries and shake great invest ments in a number of submarine cable systems to carry its international spokesperson and data traffic.Maxis significant growth and strong track record of bringing innovation, excellent customer experience and value to stakeholders has won the company numerous awards over the years. The latest awards includeMalaysias Top Ten Companies class-conscious 1 Asias 200 Most Admired Companies, The Wall course Journal Asia, 2006 Asian unsettled Operator of the Year Asian peregrine News Award, 2007 Fourth Most Valuable tick off in Malaysia Brand Finance, 2008 and 2009 good Provider of the Year (Malaysia) Frost & Sullivan, 2008 Mobile Data Service Provider of the Year (Malaysia) Frost & Sullivan, 2009 Recipient of the Asia Pacific Super splendiferous Brand Award Asia Pacific International Brands Summit Malaysia, 2009Maxis vision is to bring advanced communications services to enrich its customers lives and ancestryes, in a mood that is simple and personalised, by efficiently an d creatively harnessing leading edge technology, and delivering a brand of service experience that is reliable and enchanting.Analysis of trade structureMarket structure classifies some of the key traits of a market, includingNumber of firms alikeness of the merchandises soldEase of entry into and way out from the market.Comparison of Market StructuresMarket StructureNo. of SellersTypes of output founding ConditionsExamples holy controversy cock-a-hoopHomogeneousVery unprovokedSmall crops, International commodity markets noncompetitive competitionLargeDifferentiatedEasyBoutiques, Restaurants, motelsOligopoly hardly a(prenominal)Usually identify but sometimes homogeneousDifficultCar Making, Tobacco Products, embrocateMonopolyOneUniqueExtremely difficultPublic utilitiesMAXISTELECOMMUNICATION FIRM.Few Competitors like DIGI, CELCOM, TUNETALK and so on.Entry into Telecommunication is Difficult.It requires a wide measuring stick of capital.Perfect competitionPerfect Competi tion Market has very large number of small firms, which acts independently rather co-coordinating decisions centrally. Perfect Competition is toll takers over referable to commodious Competition. Perfect Competition mainly deals with homogenous Products.Homogenous intend Goods from one firm cannot be severalize from other. analyse Maxis with Perfect CompetitionPerfect CompetitionMaxis1. It has very large Number of firms.2. Entry emergency is very easy.3. Very less standard of Capital is enough.1. It has hardly a(prenominal) Competitors in the Market likeDIGI, CELCOM, OKTEL etc..2. Entry Requirement is Difficult.3. It requires large amount of Capital.On comparison Maxis with Perfect Competition market structure. Maxis do not start out under Perfect Competition.Monopolistic CompetitionMonopolistic Competition securely has many Small Sellers.They involves in several(predicate)iated Product.It is free from Price Competition.It has Easy Entry as well as Exit.Comparing Maxis w ith Monopolistic CompetitionMonopolistic CompetitionMaxis1. It has many small sellers.2. Entry destiny is easy.3. Its free from Price Competition.1. It has a few Competitors in the Market.2. Entry requirement is difficult.3. It has competition in price with their competitor.On examine Maxis with Monopolistic Competition market structure. Maxis do not come under Monopolistic Competition. MonopolyMonopoly is a Single Seller in the market.It deals with unique product.Entry Barriers is very difficult.Comparing Maxis with MonopolyMonopolyMaxis1. It has Single Seller in the market (free from Competitors). 1. Ithas its Competitors in the market.On comparing Maxis with Monopoly market structure. Maxis do not come under Monopoly.OligopolyIt has very few seller (which is dominated by a few large firms).. It deals with Homogenous as well as Differentiated Product.Entry Barrier is difficult.Comparing Maxis with OligopolyOligopolyMaxis1. It has few Sellers in the market.2. Entry Barrier is dif ficult.3. It requires a large amount of Capital.1. Maxis have few Competitors in the Market.2. Entry barrier is difficult.3. It requires the large amount of Capital.On Comparing Maxis with Oligopoly market structure. We came to know that Maxis is an Oligopoly.Behaviour of MaxisThe deportment of Maxis can be identified by considering the number and size distribution of firms (market helping in terms of subscribers and revenue) in the market the extent to which products atomic number 18 differentiated how easy it is for other firms to enter the market and the extent to which firms atomic number 18 co-ordinated or diversified. However, as there argon only 3 large cellular communication firms (Maxis, Digi and Celcom), individual market component parts are used to taproom market power.The basic conditions faced by the cellular communication firms areDemand conditionsPrice is relatively elastic as seen by gigantic swings in net additionsleadership quarters to quarters as different cellular communication firms took on price-leadership.Source MALAYSIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS REPORT Q3 2011Where the actions and the outcomes of these actions are mutually beneficial among several agents and this interdependence is mutually recognized. Neoclassical economics assume perfectly rational agents, perfect information and zero transaction cost under perfect competition. However, due to limited cognitive capability and/or blemished information, bounded rational agents experience limits in formulating and solving complex problems and in processing (receiving, storing, retrieving, transmitting) information. Routine standard procedures or heuristic approaches to decision-making are apply by bounded rational agents. The sum of the market shares of the n-largest firms.Maxis subscriber net addition dropped to a dismal 120,000 users in 3Q10 before regaining to 274,000 users in 4Q10. The relevant substitutes are provided by fixed-line Telcos for local city calls (fixed-line rate of RM0.04/minute versus cellular rate of RM0.15/minute) and Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (VoIP) providers for IDD calls. However, these are not of study concerns soon as the mobile services are cannibalizing/substituting fixed-line services slice the VoIP providers are competing in a value-conscious segment with an inferior product (i.e. poorer voice quality).Supply conditionsThe cellular technology adopted is the European GSM standards. However, due to constant technology changes, both Maxis and Celcom have launched 3G services earlier while Digi had its 2.75G (EDGE) services previously and recently added 3G services in auberge to be able to compete with both Maxis and Celcom. The market structure analysis drum vanguard of Maxis is as followsData Observations and/or MeasurementAnalysis/CommentNo. of Firms3Regulated OligopolyMarket ShareCellular persistence subscriber market share (overall)Cellular industry revenue market share (overall)Subscriber/Revenue market shareCelcom 3 3% & 36.0%Digi 25% & 25.3%Maxis 41% & 42.1%There is no single dominating firm.However, Maxis is the leading firm in both revenue & subscriber market share, followed by Celcom and Digi. ProductDifferen-tiationProduct preeminence based on calling plans and set structure to charm to different customer segments. Value-added services (ring-tones, etc.) are quite homogenously provided by tertiary party provider. Minimal product differentiation as airtime is airtime and VAS confine are widely available across all 3 firms.Entry barriersLicensing and regulationsHeavy capital investments & minimum efficient of scale required First-mover advantages electronic network & Lock-in effectsHigh entry barriers mainly due to government regulations due to frequent technology changes, incumbents do incur substantial ongoing capital expenditures and face the dangers of being leapfrogged by potential entrants Numbers portability not enforced yet to counter the lock-in effects of personalized phone numbers. Exit barriersHuge sunk costsBulk of capital investments are asset fitting(postnominal) to Telco operations. Source MALAYSIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS REPORT Q3 2011Price competitionUsing venture theoretic model, Telcos are assumed to provide a homogenous product and have sufficient capacity to serve the market demand. It is a non-cooperative game as there werent any enforceable agreements between them as they compete in the marketplace. It is a repeated one-shot concurrent game as they were driven by quarterly performance accountable to shareholders. As such, they would decide on their pricing strategies independently and aware of rivals prices in the market while forming certain expectations about rivals pricing strategies. Actions available are Maintain Price and Undercut Price.Payoffs are ranked in methodicalness of preference (higher number is preferred). The most preferred outcome by firms is where one undercuts price while its competitors maintains price, leading to market share gain at the expense of its rivals. When all firms maintain prices, there is no change in market-share and profitability. When all firms undercut prices, market-share remains with reduced profitability. The strategic-form representation in a simplified 2-player model is as follows Telco2Telco1Maintain PriceUndercut PriceMaintain Price3,31,4Undercut Price4,12,2Example of Game possiblenessSolving for Nash equilibrium, both players have Undercut Price as theirdominant strategy resulting in a Pareto-inefficient Dominant- Strategy-Equilibrium at (2,2). This is a repeated Prisoners plight game and these interactions are witnessed in the current market through an escalating price-war resulting in reduced Average-Revenue-Per- drug user (ARPU).Example of Starter pack price wars involving Maxis and DigiLaunch periodMaxis Hotlink 017Digi Beyond PrepaidSep 8, 2005RM20 to RM10Oct 27, 2005RM18 to RM9.90Nov 25, 2005RM10 to RM8.80Dec 10, 2005RM9.90 to RM8.50Average Revenue per UserSo urce Articles from 2009 to 2011, Press release 2009 to 2011, Maxis reports 2009 to 2011, Digi tarradiddles 2009 to 2011, Celcom bills 2009 to 2011. If this game is repeated infinitely, collusive doings through the use of Tit-For-Tat strategy may result in non-competitive/monopolistic-like pricing which reduces public welfare. Though Maxis had a higher ARPU previously according to the preceding(prenominal) data, Maxis always need to be proactive in monitoring firms behaviour to detect possible tacit collusion through price-signaling.Product differentiationThe preceding(prenominal) game theoretic analysis suggests that if the price-war continues,Maxis and the other two firms impart eventually be forced to price at their marginal costs similar to a perfectly competitive firm. Therefore, it is rational to expect Maxis or the similar firms to conk out the intensity of the price competition through product differentiation and customer segmentation. It is important to note that tr aditional microeconomic scheme treats all consumers as homogenous. In reality, this is not the case and these firms are therefore offering different calling plans, pricing structures (ON-Net/Off-Net), pre-bundled minutes and services, etc. collectable to bounded rationality and heterogeneous consumption, consumers find it difficult to make head-to head cost-benefits comparisons and thus make the products appear to be somewhat non-homogenous and not fully substitutable for one another.These firms are also competing and differentiating through demand rousing (shifting the demand curve) by organizing SMS contests, sponsoring shows like Malaysian Idol which elevate SMS voting, etc. where the SMS charges are priced much higher than normal SMS charges in order to drive higher non-voice revenue and profitability as illustrated by Maxis, Celcom and Digis 2010 announcements below.Source DiGi AGM 2011 IRwebsiteOne has to take note that the marginal costs are almost negligible relative to the huge fixed-cost investments required. ON-Net refers to calls within the same providers network. OFF-Net refers to calls made from one provider to another providers network. Decision-making based on imperfect information (uncertainty about future, costly to feign perfect information) and/or limited cognitive capability.Through product differentiation, to each one differentiated product is addressing its relevant market instead of addressing a large homogenous market, thus accepting Telcos to raise price to a higher place marginal cost (and reduce consumers surplus) without losing its entire market share. Thus, product differentiation can soften price competition and crap a degree of marketpower. We find from the higher up data that Maxis currently have the highest market power and leading company with the highest revenue.However, these type of firms balance between the reductions in welfare caused by product differentiation pricing above marginal costs versus the increased in welfare by allowing different consumers preferences to be closely met. Each firm also check over proper ethical behaviour on the part of the Telcos to ensure that public welfare is protected in SMS contests, SMS voting, etc. to prevent unsuitable negative consumption externalities such as encouraging the habit of romp, excessive spending, etc.AdvertisingMaxis often use advertising to clear brand and/or product differentiation in order to soften the price competition. To the extent that persuasive advertising create customer consignment through perceived differentiation over essentially identical products, they create market power in the sense that consumers may be ordain to pay more for preferred brands, thus allowing these type of firms to raise prices above marginal costs.Following the previous assumptions with payoffs ranked in order of preference (higher number is preferred), the most preferred outcome by firms is where one advertises while its competitors dont, leadin g to market share and profitability gain at the expense of its rivals. When all firms dont advertise, there is no change in market-share and profitability. When all firms advertise, market-share remains with reduced profitability. Maxis uses similar strategy by advertising less gaining market share and more profit at expense of its rivals which we can see below Advertising Expense of 2005 by Malaysian cellular communications industryCommunications SectorMobile Line operateRM(million)Communications SectorMobile Interactive ServicesRM(million)TotalRM(million)Celcom52.3Celcom6.658.9DiGi37.7DiGi5.142.8Maxis47.8Maxis1.949.7Source www.mcmc.gov.my, Reports by Maxis, Celcom and Digi 2005 Customer SatisfactionSource SKMM Consumer stick with 2007 at www.mcmc.gov.myThe Customer-Satisfaction-Index (CSI) for the three firms are almost similar. We find that Maxis performance is satisfactory in the market and can be considered as a leading oligopoly firm among the three.ConclusionMaxis is one of the Malaysian oligopoly cellular communications industry with high entry barriers, mainly due to government licensing restrictions and high exit barriers due to huge capital investments (sunk costs). However, frequent technology changes could potentially allow leapfrogging by competitors or potential entrants. The market share is with intense price-competition as the market gets more saturated. Non-price competitionis also intense, mainly through advertising. However, as price-competition escalates, other cellular communication industries are pricing closer to marginal costs as evidenced by the steady drop in ARPU over the past few years. Consumer satisfaction is high for Maxis though consumers are seeking for even lower communications charges and greater geographic coverage.Maxis is currently doing a good job and should continue to push ahead with its plan to allow greater customer choice. Maxis should also monitor for deceptive advertising, SMS contests & voting, etc. and also possible tacit collusive behaviour through price-signaling. It is also recommended that Maxis conducts benchmarking against regional and international cellular communication industries on key areas like profitability and/or returns on equity to determine fair-returns, service quality, expert efficiency, etc. to determine the success of its policies in future._______Referenceswww.theedgedaily.comDigi gains market share, The butt against Daily, 5 Dec 2005www.osk188.comwww.digi.com.mywww.maxis.com.mywww.celcom.com.myMaxis Quarterly 2009 ReportMaxis Quarterly 2010 ReportDiGi 2009 ReportDiGi 2010 ReportCelcom Annual Report 2010Maxis Annual Report 2010DiGi Annual Report 2010www.mcmc.gov.mywww.mobileworld.com.my/ Profit_expense_2005www.boardroomlimited.comDixit, A and Skeath, S (2004) Games of Strategy (2nd Ed), W.W.Nortonwww.wikipedia.orgRosenberg, E.A. and Clements, M. Evolving market structure, conduct and policy in local telecommunications, The National Regulatory Research Institute . SKMM Consumer Survey 2007 at www.mcmc.gov.mywww.boardroomlimited.com/irdigi//DiGiAGM2011IRwebsitewww.theedgemalaysia.com//170320-digis-2q-profit-up-187-divide www.digi.my/aboutdigi/media/mr_press_det.do?id=52404www.mysarawak.org/2009/10/30/digis-subscriber-base-to-grow.html www.boardroomlimited.com/irdigi/irdigi/FA220709.pdfhttp//telcoblog.nst.com.my/2009/05/celcom-vs-digi-q1-2009.html http//biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/29/ communication channel/1910200&sec=business http//biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/11/29/business/2675455&sec=business http//telcoblog.nst.com.my/2009/05/celcom-vs-digi-q1-2009.html axiata.listedcompany.com/misc/axiata_presentation_2Q2011.pdf http//www.theedgemalaysia.com/insider-asia/180047-maxis-and-digi-offer-yields-at-fairly-low-risks.html www.maxis.com.my//Announcement_04_2009_Financial_Result_ axiata.listedcompany.com/misc/axiata_presentation_1Q2011.pdf www.maxis.com.my/personal//1Q_2011_IR_Pack_(FINAL).pdfMaxis_4Q10_Presentat ion_FINAL_2http//www.maxis.com.my/mmc/index.asp?fuseaction=press.view&recID=452 www.maxis.com.my//Announcement_02_2010_Press_Release.pdfwww.maxis.com.my/personal/about_us//Anmt-PressRelease.pdf www.maxis.com.my/mmc/index.asp?fuseaction=press.view499www.maxis.com.my/us//Maxis_4Q10_Presentation_FINAL.pdf http//www.theedgemalaysia.com/insider-asia/179310-mobile-subscriber-additions-surprisingly-robust.html http//www.thesundaily.my/news/business/celcom-may-pass-service-tax http//www.scribd.com/doc/39862337/Telecommunications-Sector-Update-Sizing-Up-The-Pure-Mobile-Domestic-Players-%E2%80%93-Maxis-vs-DiGi-22-10-2010 http//www.scribd.com/doc/60333044/EN for MALAYSIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS REPORT Q3 2011

Obesity: Who Is at Fault?

corpulency Who is at blame? Name University of International Business and Economics Obesity Who is at blemish? It is no secret that an increasing amount of Ameri brooks atomic moment 18 gaining weight and untold of this blame is put on unfaltering forage establishments such(prenominal) as McDonalds, W stop overys, Burger King, and Krystals, to name a fewer. According to Warren Belasco and Philip Scranton (2002), The increasing consumption of doodad nutritions is an international trend influenced by changing lifestyles (p. 3) From a exceedinglyficial perspective, this doesnt seem like a good deal of a worry.However, Robert Jeffery and Sim unmatched French (1998), authors of the article epiphytotic Obesity in the United States Are disruptive pabulum and video Viewing Contri unlessing? assert that Obesity is an important public health problem that, in recent years, has reached epidemic proportions (p. 277). In fact, some be c on the wholeing the problem the corpul ency epidemic. Several typefaces against abstain diet establishments throw been filed by those who be all overweight. Its a serious problem, one that can non be ignored. Before eitherone assumes that its just the United States, think again.With the increasing number of quick fodder establishments in countries some different(a) than the United States, such as China, Japan, and Brazil, so argon corpulency rates. The obesity epidemic can no longer be ignored and must be solved. While the problem is known, the source of it is non and must be traced. What exactly is the source of obesity? Many hoi polloi deal it to be unshakable nutrition restaurants such as McDonalds, Burger King, Wendys, Krystals, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Taco Bell. After all, argon they not the ones distributing the nutrition so unhealthy and high in calories? Are they not the ones advertising delicious, backstabbing nutriment?Are they not the ones make the sustenance so addictive that the c onsumers spend a penny no choice but to release it and muster up back for more than than? It is not a secret that there meet been count little instances against extravagant diet establishments. One of the most popular lawsuits, Pelman v. McDonalds, has been nicknamed the McLawsuit. In this lawsuit, cardinal overweight children (one of whom was nineteen years old) sued McDonalds seeking hire for their health related problems catch by obesity. there is no upset that most raft perceive that speedy food is unhealthy, regardless of what the Pelman v.McDonalds lawsuit claims. There retain been documentaries recording, such as Morgan Spurlocks Supersizing Me, in which he wares McDonalds for trey meals for a month. The result is irrevocable and more more severe than any of the three doctors he had hired imagined. It would be hard to find someone that denied that fast food was unhealthy. However, this does not guess that it is the reason for obesity. c dawdlely food establishments should not be blamed for the obesity epidemic because when it all comes down to it, its a simple numerate of choice. closely food establishments do not piss their consumers at gun tailor and ride them to deal their food, nor do they additives in their products to achieve it chemically addictive, notwithstanding what the plaintiffs lawsuit claim. Todd G. Buchholz, an international economist, situate word argument speaker, and author of Are Fast-Food Establishments Making Americans Fat poses an elicit scenario The overweight baseball fan jumps to his feet in the bleachers of Wringley Field, screaming for the Chicago Cubs to hold onto their 3-2 lead-in in the bottom of the ninth inning.He squeezes a Cubs pennant on his left hand trance shoving a mustard-smeared unrecorded dog into his tattle with the right. The Dodgers stick out a runner on the first who is sneaking a big lead off the base. The Cubs pile has thrown three balls and two strikes to the batter, a notorious power hitter. The obese fan holds his breath, charm the pitcher winds up and fires a blazing fastball. Crack The ball flies over the fans head into the bleachers for a game-winning home run. The fan slumps to his bleacher asshole and has a heart attack. Who should the fan sue? a) The Cubs for breaking his heart? (b) The spicy dog company for making a plump downty food? (c) The hot dog vendor for change him a fatty food? (d) e truly of the above? (p. 1) While this scenario seems completely absurd, there is quite a smokestack of truth in how todays society works. The question that Buchholz proposes must be dealt with. Just who is to blame for obesity? The vendors? The fast food corporations? There throw been lawsuits, numerous which are still prevalent today. The question has not been answered and mass are still seeking answers.As stated earlier, many believe the jailbreak lies with the fast food corporations, which is why countless lawsuits have been filed aga inst them. However, perhaps there is more than one reason why fast food establishments have been under attack. Buchholz examines this very perspective. Lawyers are under pressure to concur these cases for fear that if they do not, their reputation will be tarnished. Under any normal circumstances, it would be easy to turn the cases down. Unfortunately for them, it they are no considered normal circumstances.Despite the popularity of fast food, it has become quite popular for people to b neglectleg the restaurants because of reasons such as the food is making the people fat, the corporations brainwash kids, and they donation the children with dallys. Michelle M. Mello, Eric B. Rimm, and David M. Studdert analyze one lawsuit in particular. Pelman v. McDonalds, or rather, the McLawsuit, as it was dubbed by the public, was filed against McDonalds by two overweight children seeking compensation for their health problems caused by obesity. They had claimed that McDonalds had deployed deceptive advertising, promotion, and sales.In addition, the corporation had produced food that was not entirely unsafe but had similarly failed to warn consumers of the dangers of its products. It is quite interesting to note that the plaintiffs attorney had also filed a similar lawsuit against McDonalds and other fast food restaurants on behalf of adults. Believing it would be unsuccessful, the attorney withdrew the case to pursue Pelman. With children as plaintiffs, it was believed that the success would be higher, as the children would be seen as representatives of the afflicted population (Mello, et al. 2003, p. 208).The judge, Judge Sweet, dismissed the case, stating, nada is forced to eat at McDonalds, except, perhaps, parents of small children who desire McDonalds food, toy promotions or playgrounds and demand their parents accompaniment (Stout 2003). In an interview with the plaintiffs lawyers colleague, John Banzhaf, he admits The biggest problem is what lawyers call causeits hard to tell what caused a heart attack. What percentage is obesity, versus other factors? And was McDonalds 4 percent, versus 2 perfect for Haagen-Dazs? Everybody knows that, if you want to lose weight, you eat less, less calorie input, and more exercise.You dont have to realise that. (The Center for Consumer Freedom, 2003) The case drew national attention but many spectators realized it was more or less a farce in order to make a few extra dollars for the plaintiffs and their lawyer. The authors list cay stratums of the case do by the plaintiffs lawyers, one of which the case is compared to those made against baccy companies. However, there are significant differences. Unlike tobacco cases, there has been no license to prove that fast food jibes chemicals that are addictive. Mello, Rimm, and Studdert are not the besides ones to note this. Buchholz also acknowledges this key point.Additionally, no person has claimed that they have ever become sick from second hand eating. Another key point is that while cigarette research has been consistent over the years, victuals research fails to do the same. In fact, their research is often contradictory. There are claims that the consumers are often too ignorant to understand the risks of the food they eat. However, this is a moot point of fast food restaurants. Consumers are becoming more aware of nutritional and caloric value of food and because of this, fast food restaurants, have reacted by making their nutritional value readily open to the public.Not only that, they have also changed their menu to feature more salads and foods with less calories. Buchholz brings up yet another important and crucial point to understand the answer, you must understand the nature surrounding the problem. He states that even with the popularity of fast food establishments, people still eat two thirds of their daily calories at home. So while critics do a wonderful job of limning fast food restaurants as manipulative , evil corporations, they fail to compare fast food to food made at home, school, or restaurants that do not fall into the fast food category.While plaintiffs lawyers condemn the nutritional value of fast food, they fail to acknowledge that alternatives are just as sturdy. For example, school meals are not much better than fast foods. While the schools provide few calories, in place is more saturated fat, more than fast food establishments provide. Saturated fat is the more dangerous subset of fats (Buccholz, p. 4). In fact, Buchholz notes, fast food actually has fewer calories today than they did four decades ago. In the 1970s, the fat fill of fast food meals and home cooked meals were very similar.Even twenty-nine years ago, while home cooking may have won prizes for their extraordinary taste, very few would receive them from todays nutritionists. Of course, thats not the only thing to focus on. Modern jobs frequently require less physiologic work, meaning less clipping spent burning calories and more time being stationary. There are more desk jobs, which means workers are paying to sit in their seats rather than exert energy. Work at home jobs are also more prevalent. With the growing popularity of the Internet, money can be made without even taking a step external of the house.A survey shows that while people are not eating large meals, they are snacking a lot more, something that definitely contributes to the calorie count. According to Buchholz, people have actually doubled the calories consumed between meals. This is a crucial point to keep in mind when examining the cause for obesity. Portion size is something else that is also criticized harshly. While fast food restaurants such as McDonalds have been super sizing meals, they seem to be the target of many consumers despite other places that have also been supersizing their food, with little or no criticism.Examples provided by Buchholz include movie theatre popcorn containers or all-you-can-eat buffets. Studies show that people can eat bigger portions of fast food-like meals such as hamburgers and chips not at the restaurants but in their own home kitchen. headquarters cooked hamburgers on average now weigh eight ounces rather than the quint to seven ounces served in restaurants, according to a study in the journal of the American Medical Association.Despite the movie theatre down the block selling super sized popcorn or the all-you-can-eat buffet, which elevates people to loosen their rap buckle, they are not under attack as a cause for obesity. Common sense dictates that McDonalds, even if they have a super size option, does not encourage the consumer to eat all they can. All-you-can-eat buffets, on the other hand, do. Buffets encourage the consumer to exceed the limitations of their stomach and eat as much as possible. However, ironically, buffets have evaded the line of attack and blame by consumers.Yes, fast food restaurants contain plenty of calories and no one denies that this is not healthy. However, in comparison with other food alternatives, fast food does not seem as bad as the media portrays them to be. Unlike smoking, fast food appears to be safe when consumed in moderationscientists at snack-food companies have reportedly investigated how certain foods trigger overeating, but not damning evidence has emerged that food manufacturers manipulate the content of their products to get consumers addicted (Mello et al. p. 211) Moderation is the key. In a study done by Robert W.Jeffery and Simone A. French, the objective was to observe the correlation of TV, fast food, and body mass indicant (BMI). The results showed that the former two were positively correlated with BMI in women but not in men, and predicted weight gain in women with high income. This information is supports the claims made by Buchholz. Buchholz stated before that there are more people evidently staying in one place rather than burning calories. much(prenominal) is wh at happens with television viewing. To watch television means to do little to not moving, equaling to no calories burnt. Epidemic Obesity in the United States Are Fast Foods and Television Contributing concluded that increases in availability of fast food and television may contribute to growing obesity rates. Fast food is a lot more prominent and available than it was in the past. It is hardly a lot more accessible than before. However, Buchholz has this point covered while fast food is a lot more prominent, so are jobs that require less moving and increase in time to eat and snack. Fast food may contribute to obesity but it simply not the only cause, nor should it be the briny focus if people are looking to fix the problem.In Fast Food Unfriendly and Unhealthy by S Stender, J Dyerberg, and A Astrup, association between fast food intake and weight gain is shown. The authors note federal agencys in which fast food can be obesogenic. One must look at necessary things such as the p ortion size, energy density and fat content. The authors then conclude that reducing portions to normal sizes, eliminating trans fat, switching to lean meat, and other such actions would benefit the consumers in their quest for lowering obesity rates. However, by reducing portions to one size takes away the right of the consumer to make choices, argues Buchholz (p. 0). beyond medical research, Morgan Spurlock, an American independent filmmaker, produced the documentary Super Size Me in 2004. In this film, Spurlock undergoes a mission to see what would happen to his body if he eats McDonalds three quantify a day for one month. The rules were simple if it wasnt on the McDonalds menu, he couldnt have it he must sample everything on the menu indoors xxx days he must have McDonalds three times a day he can only and must super size the meal when asked and will attempt to walk as much as the typical American.Throughout the film, Spurlock goes through a change, both physically and mental ly. His three doctors, nutritionalist, and personal trainer that he had hired all agreed that he was physically above average before his experiment began. Though all three doctors had predicted that the Mcdiet would have a negative effect on his body, none expected anything to be as drastic as what really happened, include but not limited to heart palpitations, and liver deterioration. Some of the results were irreversible.At the end of the documentary, Spurlock shows that some people do indeed eat McDonalds more frequently than they should, resulting in their weight gain and obesity health issues. Spurlocks main focus is on the negative impact of McDonalds and other fast food restaurants. However, this is unfair to the corporations. While McDonalds may cause health problems, it only does so when consumed frequently. Even though he has shown that there are people who eat McDonalds frequently, he failed to mention that the consumers have a choice.Fast food corporations are not holdin g their consumers at gunpoint and forcing them to buy their food but Spurlock presents his information in such a way as to convince his audience that it is indeed the corporations who are at fault and thus, it would be counterintuitive to his position on the subject matter. Daniel J. DeNoon (2006), author of Obesity More Complex Than We Think? , suggests that even though doctors are blaming obesity on overeating and inactivity, there are other factors that play exact roles. Even if the other causes have little effect, they may together make a big difference.Other reasons include, but are not limited to, lack of sleep, pollution, and prevalence of air conditioning, side effects of medicine, genetics, and age. So while fast food corporations may contribute to the obesity problem by providing food high in calories, the corporations cannot control any of the other factors that may lead to obesity. While it seems to be quite the trend for consumers sue fast food corporations for their o besity problems, one must reconsider if the question of whether the problem lies within the food or the corporation and reevaluate their position.Its easy to point the finger and there is no denying that fast food, when consumed frequently, is harmful. However, there has been no evidence stating that when consumed in moderation it is harmful. Unlike the lawsuits against tobacco companies, there is nothing chemically addictive about fast food, nor has anyone died of second hand eating, since swallowing food requires self-importance consent. In fact, fast food restaurants have been proven to not be physically addictive (Buchholz 3).By blaming corporations for the food the public is choosing to eat, it suggests that the public is incapable of making wise decisions and thus degrades the individual. Everybody wants a scapegoat for their problems because nobody likes to admit that it may not be their personal fault. Fast food isnt to blame. The consumers are. Fast food establishments aren t making consumers fat. Consumers are making consumers fat. Works Cited Belasco, W. , & Scranton, P. (2001). Food nations. Routledge. Buchholz, T. (2003). Are fast-food establishments making americans fat?. daybook of Controversial Medical Claims, 10(4), 1-10. DeNoon, D. (2006, June 27). Obesity more complex than we think?. Retrieved from www. webmd. com/content/article/124/115592 Jeffery, R. , & French, S. (1998). Epidemic obesity in the united states Are fast foods and television viewing contributing?. American Journal of Public Health, 88(2), 227 228. Mello, M. , Rimm, E. , & Studdert, D. (1998). The mclawsuit The fast-food industry and legal accountability for obesity. American Journal of Public Health, 88(2), 207 216.Special report Judge dismisses frivolous mclawsuit. (2003, January 22). Retrieved from http//www. consumerfreedom. com/2003/01/1753-special-report-judge-dismisses frivolous-mclawsuit/ Spurlock, M. (Director) (2004). Super size me DVD. Stender, S. , Dyerberg, J. , & Astrup, A. (2007). Fast food Unfriendly and unhealthy. International Journal of Obesity, 31, 887-890. doi 10. 1038 Stout, D. (2003, January 24). Obese teens lose mclawsuit. Retrieved from http//www. theage. com. au/articles/2003/01/23/1042911491525. html

An Analysis Of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones Environmental Sciences Essay

Throughout the nineteenth century, water resources became limited and the demand on piddle increasing with the everyplace monumental population, so the universe started looking ating for new startles of water supply and take trouble of use of goods and servicesless water.Groundwater considered as an of import clean water supply beginning although thither ar polluted and contaminated, but the most of import and toxic dross is process, which can do serious take a chances on human wellness.Nitrate slow-wittedness have been increasing rapidly in groundwater due to mixture of its beginnings, for typification agricultural use where intensifier of plant foods is apply, waste occlude, discharging of chemical waste body of water of several industrial workss on the state countries as shown in figure of speech below ( Reddy and Linm, May 1999 ) such as production of fertilisers, explosives, and polyurethane.Figure ( 1 ) Nitrate Resources. 1 The largest sum of the proces s comes from the fertilisers mills, where the mean usage of the fertiliser use in the universe increases yearly this makes nitrate H2O pollution, which considered as one of the most serious environmental personal credit lines in developed states. ( OECD, 2005 ) customary IDEA OF NITRATE VULNERABLE ZONESThe countries which has the chance of nitrate pollution, is brought in headspring by join Kingdom in 1996 to set the maximum circumscribe of nitrate in imbibing H2O to be 50 mg/l. It is brought by to forestall H2O resources from the exposure to nitrate pollution as of agricultural beginnings and it were apply in approximately 8 % of the English primer coat to look out on the sum of the fertilisers required by the grangers. ( Barclay and White, 2009 )In December 2000, the United Kingdom had failed to propose none usage think ofs European tribunal of justness to protect all H2O resources non merely the imbibing H2O. afterwards that, the administration in Eng place down disc ussed with grangers to finish the nitrates instruction execution which was at beginning of 2002. On June 27th the authorities decided to present excess nitrate undefendable zones in the state. In 2009, many of ordinances came into position and called NITRATE pollution PREVENTION REGULATIONS 2008, which puts into pattern the nitrates direction in England.Today, the nitrate susceptible zones are applied in 62 % of England countries. ( Defra, environment bureau, April 2009 )Figure ( 2 ) The English ground victimisation the NVZs in 2010 2 The environment bureau is the 1 responsible for gauging and taking down notes the husbandmans jobs by fixing unexpected visits to the farms. on that point are nine Guidance cusps cogitate to the husbandmans when they are using the nitrate penetrable zones and they areSummary of the counsel for husbandmans in nitrate vulnerable zones.Implementing the regulations capacity, timing and enforcement.Reference information criterion values, fertilis er travailing protocol and glossary.Storage of organic fertilisers.The stock fertiliser and farm bound.Planing N usage.The pull together nitrogen demand bound.Field drill of organic fertilisers.Field application of construct N fertilisers. there are many surgical surgerys applied and apply by the husbandmans in the nitrate vulnerable zones need to be evaluated and controlled by jurisprudence enforcements introduced by the environmental bureau of England, some of these go forth be discussed subsequently in this study.2.1 Storage OF original FertilizersThe Torahs or regulations which control the procedure of depot of the organic fertilisers and which the husbandman should watch over them in the nitrate vulnerable zones areThe maximal capacity of pigsaaa? slurry and domestic fowl storage is 6 months.The maximal capacity of other stock such as cowss slurry storage is 5 months.The storage moldiness be in busy topographic points like stock houses or covered edifices, with ex clusion to stash away away them temporarily in the field of operations site and guarantee there is no liquid draining during the storage periods.Reconstructing fertiliser storage installations essential obey the building criterions set by the control of pollution.New, well increase or well reconstructed manure storage installations mustiness follow with the building criterions set down in The Control of Pollution. ( Silage, Slurry and Agricultural discharge Oil Regulations 1991 )2.2 THE STOCK FERTILIZER AND FARM LIMITThe husbandmans can non pass away beyond a maximal storage of 170 kg/ha of entire produced by stock in to each one twelvemonth averaged by over the country where the European committee has approved an understanding which result let qualified husbandmans those who have with more than 80 % of the farm country as green lands to hive away at a higher(prenominal) sum of 250 kilograms of entire merchandise.The husbandmans must enter information related to this stuff to demo it to the authorities, some of these informations areThe Numberss and types of stock per twenty-four hours during the twelvemonth, every minute good as disbursement or keeping.The sum of N which produced by the stock per twenty-four hours over the twelvemonth must non transcend the commonplace values including the exported sum of stock to another farms.2.3 THE HARVEST NITROGEN demand LIMITThe husbandman must vouch that the content of the N in the crop fertiliser do non transcend the maximal criterion value which specified by the regulations and cusps of nitrate vulnerable zones.2.4 FIELD APPLICATION OF ORGANIC FertilizersAll husbandmans at the nitrate vulnerable zones must do legitimate about the content of the nitrate before using the organic fertilisers, and do nt hold to utilize them if they exceeded the acceptable bounds. The manufacturers of the organic fertilisers must use the fertilisers during the amend periods at bottom a authentic conditions. At the terminal of the closed period, the maximal applying sum is about 50 M3s / hour angle of slurry and 8 tones of domestic fowl.2.5 THE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND FIELD LIMITSFor a twelvemonth, 12 months, the husbandmans must non transcend the level of N which is 250 kg/ha by utilizing organic fertilisers including stock fertilisers.There must be at least three hebdomads between each single application.2.6 CLOSED Spread PERIODS FOR MANUFACTURED FERTILIZERThe maker and the thickening of the organic N fertiliser must non use the production during the specialized period of the twelvemonth, but can allow either the specified crops or obtain advice for the other crops from the authorities.2.7 KEEPING NITROGEN OUT OF SURFACE wetBy the beginning of every twelvemonth, there are some demands from the husbandman in the nitrate vulnerable zones, and they areTransporting out a hazard appraisal in guinea pig of utilizing either organic manure or one of its applications.Producing a hazard map to place suit ed field locations for fertiliser applications. Where applicable, the map must besides demo sites suited for pro tem field tonss of solid fertilisers.When the husbandmans start the field operations, there are some necessities which are listed belowThey should non utilize fertilisers contains N or organic fertilisers when the dickhead is H2O logged, flooded, or snow covered, or has been frozen for more than 12 hours in the past 24 hours.They ca nt use organic fertilisers within 10 metres of come forth H2O, except on land managed for engendering birds and under certain other limitations.Organic fertilisers must be put within 50 metres of a spring, good or borehole.The manufactured N fertiliser must be used within 2 metres of surface H2O.The husbandmans must do a field review to impose the hazard of skip with to come up H2O before distributing manufactured nitrogen fertiliser or organic fertiliser.If there is any possibility of leaking some of manufactured nitrogen fertiliser or or ganic fertiliser to the surface H2O, so the husbandmans must halt utilizing the fertilisers and delay while the job is solved and the husbandman must be responsible.The acceptable angle of the land where the fertilisers are used must non transcend or within 12 grade as a maximal value.The ability to utilize and the sanctioned sum of fertiliser depends onLand drain.Land H2O screen.The nature and type of the dirts and the fertilisers.The husbandmans must enter all informations related to the old regulations in order to look into the records by the environment bureau and guarantee that they apply the nitrate vulnerable zones regulations and set of ordinances.3. SCOTLAND AS A CASE STUDY3.1 CONCERNING EASTERN SCOTLAND eastern Scotland considered as one of the largest agribusiness countries in the United Kingdom, and it started using nitrate vulnerable zones instruments and regulations from this twelvemonth. The husbandmans in eastern Scotland are considered as a instance survey in this s tudy to better the storage of slurry in those countries. Where on the other manus Scotland contains tonss of agribusiness countries, so it can be applied and evaluated by the nitrate vulnerable zones regulations on it.The husbandmans in Scotland are carrying up and utilizing the organic slurry for the agribusiness purposes, but this slurry is full of organics and N which may castrate over to guess nitrate as the undermentioned chemical parN2 + 6 H2O 2 NO3 + 6 H2Then, this nitrate will sordid a immense sum of resistance and surface H2O, the simplest solution of this job is using nitrate vulnerable zones on Scotland.3.2 THE CONDITION OF SCOTLANDThere are many features and belongingss of Scotlandaaa?s dirts, and every bit re roll in the hayd as organic dirts which has the ability to hive away big sum of C contents comparing with other agribusiness zones in UK. The surface of Scotland dirts indicates that it is refined to pollution or in peculiar nitrate pollution.Figure ( 3 ) The types of the Soils in Scotland. 3 Depending in the maps above, one can observe that the land of the Scotland can be divided in to four basic typesPodzols dirt, which describes a presence of organic that is suited for the forest agribusiness with ash grey-haired and rich with silica content and have light Greies colour. AA .Brown sloping dirts, reasonably contains a thin bed of organic bed, included of mineral medium and good construction with the stone pulverization dirts.Gleys dirts, the dirt comprise of many metallic ions like Ag which have the graded unconsecrated colourss in comparing to the normal organic content, it responsible for surface H2O production.Organic peat dirts, it contains large than 60 % of organic content with high surface bed which gives it high ability to agriculture even the sourness is so high ( & lt 5 PH ) .3.3 EvaluationFrom the information above, it can be noted that the dirts of Scotland in peculiar the agribusiness countries do non necessitate lar ger sum of natural or manufactured nitrogen fertilisers, so the authorities and the environmental bureau should do surveies about the needed sum of these fertilisers to master the maximal sum of use to protect the surface and belowground H2O from the nitrate pollution jeopardy.The function of the nitrate vulnerable zones instrument is to domination and oversee the storage procedure for these countries specially that Scotland is well-known with stock where the Fieldss will be affected by the overall nitrate contents.Problem mendRecommendationSTOCK StorageLeaking to come up country.Using particular storage topographic points.Exploitation FertilizersReacted with the surface H2O.Restriction and unchanging the use for particular instances.APPLYING THE RULESThe husbandman may non use the regulations.Making difficult regulations to command the countries related to nitrate vulnerable zones.KNOWLEDGE OF THE RULESSome husbandmans do non cognize plenty about regulations.Commercial advertize ment.Table ( 1 ) some of the device for existent job.4. DecisionThe nitrate vulnerable zones is a pattern introduced by the environmental bureau of United Kingdom to cut down the H2O nitrate pollution of the agribusiness country in the land, and this pattern is related to the husbandmans who live in the zones where high content of nitrate is caused by the procedure of storage and utilizing the manufactured or natural N fertilisers.From the rating and perusing of Scotland, one can observe that the nature of the dirt needs using nitrate vulnerable zones on those countries to get the better of the job of nitrate.RecommendationsThe idea of nitrate vulnerable zones is really of import particularly for the countries causesaaa? H2O pollution of nitrate, but it should be international pattern all over the universe, in add-on to do difficult regulations on people who try to change with this pattern. In add-on, this topic is interested by every respective(prenominal) in the universe so t he international organisation should assist the wretched husbandman to use nitrate vulnerable zones.

The Da Vinci Code EPILOGUE

Robert Langdon awoke with a start. He had been dreaming. The bathrobe beside his crawl in bore the monogram HOTEL RITZ PARIS.He saw a dim light filtering done the blinds. Is it evenfall ordawn? he wondered.Langdons body matt-up warm and deeply contented. He had slept the m force out part of the last two days. Sitting up slowly in bed, he at a time realized what had awoken him the strangest feeling. For day she had been trying to sort with a barrage of information, notwithstanding now Langdon found himself fixed on something hed not considered before.Could it be?He remained motionless a long moment. acquire out of bed, he walked to the marble shower. Stepping inside, he let the powerful jets core his shoulders. Still, the thought enthralled him.Impossible.Twenty minutes later, Langdon stepped out of the Hotel Ritz into Place hucksterme. Night was falling. The days of sleep had left him disoriented and yet his instinct felt oddly lucid. He had promised himself he would stop in the hotel beg for a cafe au lait to clear his thoughts, but instead his legs carried him today out the front door into the gathering Paris night.Walking einsteinium on Rue des Petits Champs, Langdon felt a growing excitement. He turned south onto Rue Richelieu, where the air grew sweet with the scent of prime jasmine from the stately gardens of the Palais Royal.He continued south until he saw what he was looking for the famous royal arcade a glistening slam of polished black marble. Moving onto it, Langdon scanned the surface beneath his feet. Within seconds, he found what he knew was there several bronze medallions embedded in the ground in a perfectly straight demarcation line. Each record book was five inches in diameter and embossed with the letters N and S.Nord. Sud.He turned due south, letting his nerve trace the extended line formed by the medallions. He began moving again, following the trail, watching the paving as he walked. As he cut across the receding o f the Comedie-Franaise, another bronze medallion passed beneath his feet. YesThe streets of Paris, Langdon had learned years ago, were alter with 135 of these bronze markers, embedded in sidewalks, courtyards, and streets, on a north-south bloc across the city. He had once followed the line from Sacre-Coeur, north across the Seine, and in the end to the superannuated Paris Observatory. There he discovered the significance of the devoted path it traced.The estates original prime meridian.The first zero longitude of the world.Pariss superannuated rosaceous bank note. Now, as Langdon hurried across Rue de Rivoli, he could feel his savoir-faire within reach. Less than a block away.The Holy Grail neath ancient Roslin waits.The revelations were coming now in waves. Saunieres ancient spelling of Roslin the blade and goblet the tomb adorned with masters art.Is that why Sauniere needed to talk with me? Had I unknowingly guessed the truth?He broke into a jog, feeling the Rose Line beneath his feet, guiding him, pulling him toward his destination. As he entered the long burrow of Passage Richelieu, the hairs on his neck began to bristle with anticipation. He knew that at the end of this tunnel stood the most mysterious of Parisian monuments conceived and commissioned in the eighties by the Sphinx himself, Franois Mitterrand, a man rumored to move in secret circles, a man whose final legacy to Paris was a place Langdon had visited plainly days before.Another lifetime.With a final surge of energy, Langdon burst from the thoroughfare into the familiar courtyard and came to a stop. Breathless, he raised his eye, slowly, disbelieving, to the glistening construction in front of him.The Louvre Pyramid.Gleaming in the darkness.He esteem it only a moment. He was more interested in what recline to his right. Turning, he felt his feet again tracing the invisible path of the ancient Rose Line, carrying him across the courtyard to the Carrousel du Louvre the enormo us circle of grass surrounded by a perimeter of neatly trimmed hedges once the site of Pariss primeval nature-worshipping festivals joyous rites to celebrate fertility and the Goddess. Langdon felt as if he were crossing into another world as he stepped over the bushes to the grassy area within. This hallowed ground was now label by one of the citys most unusual monuments. There in the center, plunging into the earth like a crystal chasm, gaped the giant inverted pyramid of applesauceful that he had seen a few nights ago when he entered the Louvres subterranean entresol.La Pyramide Inversee.Tremulous, Langdon walked to the edge and peered ingest into the Louvres sprawling underground complex, aglow with amber light. His eye was trained not just on the massive inverted pyramid, but on what lay directly beneath it. There, on the floor of the house below, stood the tiniest of structures a structure Langdon had mentioned in his manuscript.Langdon felt himself awaken fully now to the thrill of unthinkable possibility. Raising his eyes again to the Louvre, he sensed the huge wings of the museum enveloping him hallways that burgeoned with the worlds finest art.Da Vinci BotticelliAdorned in masters agreeable art, She lies.Alive with wonder, he stared once again downward through the glass at the tiny structure below.I must go down thereStepping out of the circle, he hurried across the courtyard arse toward the towering pyramid entrance of the Louvre. The days last visitors were trickling out of the museum.Pushing through the revolving door, Langdon descended the curved staircase into the pyramid. He could feel the air grow cooler. When he reached the bottom, he entered the long tunnel that stretched beneath the Louvres courtyard, back toward La Pyramide Inversee.At the end of the tunnel, he emerged into a large chamber. Directly before him, abeyance down from to a higher place, gleamed the inverted pyramid a breathtaking V-shaped contour of glass.The Chali ce.Langdons eyes traced its narrowing form downward to its tip, suspended only six feet above the floor. There, directly beneath it, stood the tiny structure.A miniature pyramid. Only ternary feet tall. The only structure in this colossal complex that had been built on a small scale.Langdons manuscript, while discussing the Louvres elaborate collection of goddess art, had made short note of this modest pyramid. The miniature structure itself protrudes up through the flooras though it were the tip of an iceberg the apex, of an enormous, pyramidical vault, submerged below like a hidden chamber.Illuminated in the soft lights of the deserted entresol, the two pyramids pointed at one another, their bodies perfectly aligned, their tips almost touching.The Chalice above. The Blade below.The blade and chalice guarding oer Her gates.Langdon heard Marie Chauvels words. One day it will dawn on you.He was standing beneath the ancient Rose Line, surrounded by the work of masters. What better place for Sauniere to keep watch? Now at last, he sensed he understood the true meaning of the desperate Masters verse. Raising his eyes to heaven, he gazed upward through the glass to a glorious, star-filled night.She rests at last beneath the starry skies.Like the murmurs of spirits in the darkness, forgotten words echoed. The quest for the Holy Grail is the quest to rest before the bones of Mary Magdalene. A journey to pray at the feet of the outcast one.With a sudden upwelling of reverence, Robert Langdon fell to his knees.For a moment, he thought he heard a womans voice the wisdom of the ages whispering up from the chasms of the earth.

Essay Writing on Shakespeare: Banquo Serves as a Foil to Macbeth Essay

Macbeth was written by Shakespe are amid 1603 and 1606, during James Is reign. It is considered unrivalled of his darkest and most powerful tragedies. The baloney begins as one of a loyal and discoverable hero of Scotland. However, Macbeths char cultivateer changes gradu ally during the play. A powerful ambition for power causes him to exercise blurt outister decisions that bring him only despair, guilt and madness. One of these decisions is to kill his help Banquo because the witches that appeared at the beginning of the story said in their prophesy constant of gravitation shalt get kings, tough thou be none (I, iii, line 67).They think to say that even though Banquo forget not be a king himself, he will be the father of future kings. By taking this into account, I am going to analyse how Banquo serves as a foil to Macbeth in terms of honour. Foil, in literature, is a character that is compared or contrasted to a second character so as to highlight the characteristics of t he other. I consider honour in terms of loyalty, allegiance to moral principles and the tycoon of kno cajoleg and doing what is morally right. I am going to explore this theory by taking account of the beginning of the play up to Banquos death, in Act III, scene iii.Macbeth is the epitome of the Prince described by Maquiavelli who takes it for tending(p) that man is incapable of good action, since he is morally evil. Maquiavelli stated that all men are bad and ever ready to display their brute(a) nature, whenever they may find occasion for it (Spencer, 1961, p.117). The Renaissance is characterised by a introductory conflict between mans dignity and his misery.Each one of the interrelated orders that set up the frame of the Elizabethans carriage of thinking is being gradually destroyed mainly by trine philosophers of that time (Maquiavelli was one of them) who has questioned the cosmological, natural and political orders. Macbeth eagerly accepts the witches prophecy, that he will become king, as true, gives in to his evil side and does what he thinks is requisite to fulfil the prophesy, no matter the risks. That is why he decides to kill the king, Duncan, who represents a great danger to his ambitions.Banquo, however, represents the opposite to Macbeth because he questionsthe prophecies and the intentions of these evil creatures. He says And oftentimes, to win us to our harm, the instruments of darkness tell us truths, win us with unprejudiced trifles, to betray s in deepest consequence. (I, iii, lines 123-125). He argues that evil only offers gifts that escape to destruction, that the witches win people with what is unimportant, though true, in order to betray them in most important things.Banquo hears the prophecy involving him but he does not start to influence his fate, simply chooses to allow life take its course and let his future develop by itself. The fact that Banquo does not react from avariciousness shows that he is entirely good, r esists the temptations of evil and remains loyal to his good determine and noble character.Just before Duncans murder, Macbeth meets Banquo and they agree to talk intimately the witches prophesy when they pee time. Banquos honourable treats increases Macbeths capacity of treason. So I lose none in put one acrossking to augment it, but still keep my bosom franchised, and allegiance clear, I shall be counselled (II, i, lines 25-29). This reference book suggests that, as long as he does not lose honour in trying to make it greater, always keeps his heart free from sin and his faithfulness to one man only, the king, he will listen to Macbeths advice. Banquos nobility of character highlights Macbeths evilness.After Macbeth became king, he realizes that, in fact, his friend is a danger to him because of his honourable character and also because the witches have seen he will be father of future kings. By reflexion our fears in Banquo stick deep, and in his royalty of nature reigns that which be feared i is much he dares and he hath wisdom that doth guide his valour to act in safety. (III, i, lines 48-52), Macbeth reveals that he fears everything that he does not have but Banquo rattling does his natural nobility, his bravery and his wisdom. Macbeth feels that his position in the throne will be safe if Banquo is dead, so he hires two murderers to kill his friend and his son, Fleance. They partially succeed, Banquo dies but his son manages to get away safely.As we can see through this analysis, Banquo serves as a foil to Macbethin terms of nobility. Banquo and Macbeth are opposite characters, one has honourable values that he maintains during the play and does not give in to personal desires, and the other is slowly being tempted by his evil side and will get what he wants by both way that is necessary. Macbeth is morally evil and cares nothing about honour and loyalty, he becomes power hungry after hearing the witches prophesies and does anything to fulfi l them, even putting to death his good king, Duncan, and his brave friend, Banquo.REFERENCES Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Third edition. England. Longman. 1965. Spencer, Theodore. Shakespeare and the Nature of Man. Second edition. New York. Macmillan. 1961.